Introduction

● Python Intro

✦What is python

✦Why python

✦History of python

✦Uses of Python

✦Python jobs

✦Python vs Java

✦Python vs C++

✦Python vs R

✦Install and Setup

Python Basics

● Basics overview

✦Python - Hello world!

✦Identifiers in python

✦Python Indentation

✦Python Statements

✦Python keywords

● Python Variables

✦Variables Intro

✦Naming variable

✦Global variable

✦Multi assignments

● Datatypes

✦Python datatypes

✦Python int

✦Python float

✦Complex datatype

✦Python String

✦Python List

✦Python Tuple

✦Range datatype

✦Python Dictionary

✦Python Set

✦Python Boolean

✦Python Bytes

✦Python Bytearray

● Python Operators

✦Operators in python

✦Arithmetic operators

✦Assignment operators

✦Comparison operators

✦Logical operators

✦Identity operators

✦Membership operators

✦Bitwise operators

✦Operators precedence

● Python Type Casting

✦Typecasting in python

✦Explicit Typecasting

✦Implicit typecasting

● Input and Output

✦Python Input

✦Python output

● Python comments

✦Comments in python

Control Statements

● Python if else

✦if statement

✦if else

✦elif

✦Nested if

● For loops

✦for

✦for loop examples

● For-else Loop

✦for-else

✦for-else example

● While loop

✦while

✦while examples

● While-else

✦while-else

● Break

✦break

● Continue

✦Continue statement

● Pass

✦Pass

Strings

● String

✦Python strings

✦Slicing strings

✦String concatenation

✦Strings special chars

✦Strings methods

Lists

● Lists

✦Python Lists

✦Access Lists

✦Modify Lists

✦Adding List items

✦Removing List items

✦Looping List items

✦Sorting List items

✦Joining List items

✦List methods

Tuples

● Tuples

✦Python tuples

✦Access tuples

✦Modify tuples

✦Unpack tuples

✦Loop tuples

✦Join tuples

✦Tuple methods

Sets

● Sets

✦Python sets

✦Access Set

✦Adding set items

✦Removing set items

✦Looping set items

✦Joining set items

✦Set Methods

Dictionary

● Dictionary

✦Python dictionary

✦Access dictionary

✦Add dictionary items

✦Remove dictionary items

✦Loop dictionary items

✦Dictionary methods

Arrays

● Python Array

✦Array Intro

✦Access Array Items

✦Add Array Items

✦Remove Array Items

✦Loop Arrays

✦Copy Arrays

✦Reverse Arrays

✦Sort Arrays

✦Join Arrays

✦Array Methods

Functions

● Python Functions

✦Introduction

✦def Keyword

✦Defining a Function

✦Assign Function to a Variable

✦Function call stack

✦Arguments by value and reference

✦Scope of Variables

✦Global and Local Variables

✦Global keyword

✦builtin and user defined

✦Lambda Functions

✦parameters

✦keyword arguments

✦position arguments

✦default arguments

✦arbitary

✦Passing function as an argument

✦Return Statements

✦Returning Multiple datatypes

✦Returning a function from a function

✦Recursion

✦inner functions

✦*args and **kwargs

✦Concept of decorators

✦Built-in decorators (@staticmethod, @classmethod)

✦Creating custom decorators

OOPS

● Python Class

✦OOPS Introduction

✦self in Python class

✦attributes

✦Removed

✦Dynamic Attributes

✦Create a Python Subclass

✦Inner Class in Python

✦Creating Instance Objects

✦Class Variables

✦Class Methods

✦Static Methods

✦Constructors

✦Instance Methods

✦MetaClasses

● Inheritance

✦Python Inheritance

✦Removed

✦Inheritance & Constructors

✦Types of inheritance

✦removed topic

✦Method Overriding

✦Operator Overloading

✦Python super()

✦Multiple Inheritance

✦Hybrid Inheritance

✦Removed1

● Polymorphism

✦Polymorphism

✦emoved22

✦Method Overloading

✦Overriding

✦removed233

● Abstraction

✦Abstraction

✦Data Abstraction

✦Abstract Classes

✦removed111

● Encapsulation

✦Encapsulation

✦Access Modifiers

✦Private Variables

✦Private Methods

✦Protected variable

✦Property decorators

Exception Handling

● Python Exceptions

✦Syntax Errors

✦What is Exception?

✦Exceptions Handling

✦The try-except Block

✦The try-finally Block

✦Exception with Arguments

✦Raising Exceptions

✦Exception Chaining

✦Nested try Block

✦User-Defined Exceptions

● Python Logging

✦Logging

✦Logging Levels

✦Logging Configuration

✦Variable Data in Logging Message

✦Assertions

✦The assert Statement

✦Built-in Exceptions

File Handling

● Python File Handling

✦Python File Handling

✦File Handling

✦Write to File

✦Read Files

✦Renaming and Deleting Files

✦Directories

✦File Methods

✦OS File/Directory Methods

✦OS Path Methods

Multithreading

● Python Multithreading

✦About Multithreading

✦Multithreading

✦Thread Life cycle

✦The _thread Module

✦The threading Module

✦Creating a Thread

✦Starting a Thread

✦Joining the Threads

✦Naming the Threads

✦The daemon Property

✦Thread Scheduling

✦Thread Pools

✦What is a Thread Pool?

✦The Future Class

✦The ThreadPoolExecutor Class

✦Main Thread

✦Thread Priority

✦Daemon Threads

✦Synchronizing Threads

Synchronization

● Python Synchronization

✦About Synchronization

✦Inter-Thread Communication

✦The Event Object

✦The Condition Object

✦Thread Deadlock

✦The Lock Object

✦The Semaphore Object

✦Interrupting a Thread

Networking

● Python Networking

✦About Networking

✦Network Programming

✦Socket Programming

✦What are Sockets?

✦The socket Module

✦Server Socket Methods

✦Client Socket Methods

✦Socket Server

✦Socket Client

✦File Transfer with Socket Module

✦The socketserver Module

✦URL Processing

✦The urllib.parse Module

✦The urllib.request Module

✦The Request Object

✦The urllib.error Module

✦Generics

Inbuilt Functions

● Python Function

✦abs()

✦aiter()

✦all()

✦anext()

✦any()

✦ascii()

✦bin()

✦bool()

✦breakpoint()

✦bytearray()

✦bytes()

✦callable()

✦chr()

✦classmethod()

✦compile()

✦complex()

✦delattr()

✦dict()

✦dir()

✦divmod()""E

✦enumerate()

✦eval()

✦exec()

✦filter()

✦float()

✦format()

✦frozenset()

✦getattr()

✦globals()

✦hasattr()

✦hash()

✦help()

✦hex()

✦id()

✦input()

✦int()

✦isinstance()

✦issubclass()

✦iter()""L

✦len()

✦list()

✦locals()

✦map()

✦max()

✦memoryview()

✦min()

✦next()

✦object()

✦oct()

✦open()

✦ord()

✦pow()

✦print()

✦property()""R

✦range()

✦repr()

✦reversed()

✦round()

✦set()

✦setattr()

✦slice()

✦sorted()

✦staticmethod()

✦str()

✦sum()

✦super()

✦tuple()

✦type()

✦V

✦vars()

✦Z

✦zip()

✦_

✦import()"

Reference

● methods

✦

● List

✦append()

✦copy()

✦clear()

✦count()

✦extend()

✦index()

✦insert()

✦pop()

✦remove()

✦reverse()

✦sort()

● tuple

✦count()

✦index()

● Set

✦add()

✦clear()

✦copy()

✦difference()

✦difference_update()

✦discard()

✦intersection()

✦intersection_update()

✦isdisjoint()

✦issubset()

✦issuperset()

✦pop()

✦remove()

✦symmetric_difference()

✦symmetric_difference_update()

✦union()

✦update()

● dictionary

✦clear()

✦copy()

✦fromkeys()

✦get()

✦items()

✦keys()

✦pop()

✦popitem()

✦setdefault()

✦update()

✦values()

● string

✦capitalize()

✦casefold()

✦center()

✦count()

✦encode()

✦endswith()

✦expandtabs()

✦find()

✦format()

✦format_map()

✦index()

✦isalnum()

✦isalpha()

✦isascii()

✦isdecimal()

✦isdigit()

✦isidentifier()

✦islower()

✦isnumeric()

✦isprintable()

✦isspace()

✦istitle()

✦isupper()

✦join()

✦ljust()

✦lower()

✦lstrip()

✦maketrans()

✦partition()

✦replace()

✦rfind()

✦rindex()

✦rjust()

✦rpartition()

✦rsplit()

✦rstrip()

✦split()

✦splitlines()

✦startswith()

✦strip()

✦swapcase()

✦title()

✦translate()

✦upper()

✦zfill()

● array

✦append()

✦buffer_info()

✦byteswap()

✦count()

✦extend()

✦frombytes()

✦fromfile()

✦fromlist()

✦fromunicode()

✦index()

✦insert()

✦pop()

✦remove()

✦clear()

✦reverse()

✦tobytes()

✦tofile()

✦tolist()

✦tounicode()

● modules

✦

● cmath

✦phase()

✦polar()

✦rect()

✦exp()

✦log()

✦log10()

✦sqrt()

✦acos()

✦asin()

✦atan()

✦cos()

✦sin()

✦tan()

✦acosh()

✦asinh()

✦atanh()

✦cosh()

✦sinh()

✦tanh()

✦isfinite()

✦isinf()

✦isnan()

✦isclose()

✦Constants

✦pi

✦e

✦tau

✦inf

✦infj

✦nan

✦nanj

● collections

✦collections intro

✦ChainMap objects

✦ChainMap

✦maps

✦new_child()

✦parents

✦ChainMap Examples and Recipes

✦Counter objects

✦Counter

✦elements()

✦most_common()

✦subtract()

✦total()

✦fromkeys()

✦update()

✦deque objects

✦deque

✦append()

✦appendleft()

✦clear()

✦copy()

✦count()

✦extend()

✦extendleft()

✦index()

✦insert()

✦pop()

✦popleft()

✦remove()

✦reverse()

✦rotate()

✦maxlen

✦deque Recipes

✦defaultdict objects

✦defaultdict

✦missing()

✦default_factory

✦defaultdict Examples

✦namedtuple() Factory Function for Tuples with Named Fields

✦namedtuple()

✦_make()

✦_asdict()

✦_replace()

✦_fields

✦_field_defaults

✦OrderedDict objects

✦OrderedDict

✦popitem()

✦move_to_end()

✦OrderedDict Examples and Recipes

✦UserDict objects

✦UserDict

✦data

✦UserList objects

✦UserList

✦UserString objects

✦UserString

● math

✦comb()

✦factorial()

✦gcd()

✦isqrt()

✦lcm()

✦perm()

✦ceil()

✦fabs()

✦floor()

✦fma()

✦fmod()

✦modf()

✦remainder()

✦trunc()

✦copysign()

✦frexp()

✦isclose()

✦isfinite()

✦isinf()

✦isnan()

✦ldexp()

✦nextafter()

✦ulp()

✦cbrt()

✦exp()

✦exp2()

✦expm1()

✦log()

✦log1p()

✦log2()

✦log10()

✦pow()

✦sqrt()

✦dist()

✦fsum()

✦hypot()

✦prod()

✦sumprod()

✦degrees()

✦radians()

✦acos()

✦asin()

✦atan()

✦atan2()

✦cos()

✦sin()

✦tan()

✦acosh()

✦asinh()

✦atanh()

✦cosh()

✦sinh()

✦tanh()

✦erf()

✦erfc()

✦gamma()

✦lgamma()

✦Constants

✦pi

✦e

✦tau

✦inf

✦nan

● random

✦random — intro

✦seed()

✦getstate()

✦setstate()

✦randbytes()

✦randrange()

✦randint()

✦getrandbits()

✦choice()

✦choices()

✦shuffle()

✦sample()

✦binomialvariate()

✦random()

✦uniform()

✦triangular()

✦betavariate()

✦expovariate()

✦gammavariate()

✦gauss()

✦lognormvariate()

✦normalvariate()

✦vonmisesvariate()

✦paretovariate()

✦weibullvariate()

✦Random

✦SystemRandom

● datetime

✦MINYEAR

✦MAXYEAR

✦UTC

✦Available Types

✦Common Properties

✦Determining if an Object is Aware or Naive

✦timedelta Objects

✦timedelta

✦min

✦max

✦resolution

✦days

✦seconds

✦microseconds

✦total_seconds()

✦Examples of usage: timedelta

✦date Objects

✦date

✦today()

✦fromtimestamp()

✦fromordinal()

✦fromisoformat()

✦fromisocalendar()

✦year

✦month

✦day

✦replace()

✦timetuple()

✦toordinal()

✦weekday()

✦isoweekday()

✦isocalendar()

✦isoformat()

✦str()

✦ctime()

✦strftime()

✦format()

✦Examples of Usage: date

✦datetime Objects

✦datetime

✦now()

✦utcnow()

✦utcfromtimestamp()

✦combine()

✦strptime()

✦hour

✦minute

✦second

✦microsecond

✦tzinfo

✦fold

✦date()

✦time()

✦timetz()

✦astimezone()

✦utcoffset()

✦dst()

✦tzname()

✦utctimetuple()

✦timestamp()

✦Examples of Usage: datetime

✦time Objects

✦time

✦Examples of Usage: time

✦tzinfo Objects

✦fromutc()

✦timezone Objects

✦timezone

✦utc

✦strftime() and strptime() Behavior

✦strftime() and strptime() Format Codes

● enum

✦Data Types

✦EnumType

✦call()

✦contains()

✦dir()

✦getitem()

✦iter()

✦len()

✦members

✦reversed()

✦_add_alias_()

✦_add_value_alias_()

✦Enum

✦name

✦value

✦_name_

✦_value_

✦_order_

✦_ignore_

✦_generate_next_value_()

✦init()

✦__init_subclass__()

✦_missing_()

✦new()

✦repr()

✦str()

✦format()

✦IntEnum

✦StrEnum

✦Flag

✦or()

✦and()

✦xor()

✦_numeric_repr_()

✦IntFlag

✦ReprEnum

✦EnumCheck

✦UNIQUE

✦CONTINUOUS

✦NAMED_FLAGS

✦FlagBoundary

✦STRICT

✦CONFORM

✦EJECT

✦KEEP

✦Supported dunder names

✦Supported _sunder_ names

✦Utilities and Decorators

✦auto

✦property()

✦unique()

✦verify()

✦member()

✦nonmember()

✦global_enum()

✦show_flag_values()

● io

✦High-level Module Interface

✦DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE

✦open()

✦open_code()

✦text_encoding()

✦BlockingIOError

✦UnsupportedOperation

✦Class hierarchy

✦I/O Base Classes

✦IOBase

✦close()

✦closed

✦fileno()

✦flush()

✦isatty()

✦readable()

✦readline()

✦readlines()

✦seek()

✦seekable()

✦tell()

✦truncate()

✦writable()

✦writelines()

✦del()

✦RawIOBase

✦read()

✦readall()

✦readinto()

✦write()

✦BufferedIOBase

✦raw

✦detach()

✦read1()

✦readinto1()

✦Raw File I/O

✦FileIO

✦mode

✦name

✦Buffered Streams

✦BytesIO

✦getbuffer()

✦getvalue()

✦BufferedReader

✦peek()

✦BufferedWriter

✦BufferedRandom

✦BufferedRWPair

✦Text I/O

✦TextIOBase

✦encoding

✦errors

✦newlines

✦buffer

✦TextIOWrapper

✦line_buffering

✦write_through

✦reconfigure()

✦StringIO

✦IncrementalNewlineDecoder

✦Performance

✦Binary I/O

✦Multi-threading

✦Reentrancy

● os

✦Process Parameters

✦ctermid()

✦environ

✦environb

✦fsencode()

✦fsdecode()

✦fspath()

✦PathLike

✦fspath()

✦getenv()

✦getenvb()

✦get_exec_path()

✦getegid()

✦geteuid()

✦getgid()

✦getgrouplist()

✦getgroups()

✦getlogin()

✦getpgid()

✦getpgrp()

✦getpid()

✦getppid()

✦getpriority()

✦PRIO_PROCESS

✦PRIO_PGRP

✦PRIO_USER

✦PRIO_DARWIN_THREAD

✦PRIO_DARWIN_PROCESS

✦PRIO_DARWIN_BG

✦PRIO_DARWIN_NONUI

✦getresuid()

✦getresgid()

✦getuid()

✦initgroups()

✦putenv()

✦setegid()

✦seteuid()

✦setgid()

✦setgroups()

✦setns()

✦setpgrp()

✦setpgid()

✦setpriority()

✦setregid()

✦setresgid()

✦setresuid()

✦setreuid()

✦getsid()

✦setsid()

✦setuid()

✦strerror()

✦supports_bytes_environ

✦umask()

✦uname()

✦unsetenv()

✦unshare()

✦CLONE_FILES

✦CLONE_FS

✦CLONE_NEWCGROUP

✦CLONE_NEWIPC

✦CLONE_NEWNET

✦CLONE_NEWNS

✦CLONE_NEWPID

✦CLONE_NEWTIME

✦CLONE_NEWUSER

✦CLONE_NEWUTS

✦CLONE_SIGHAND

✦CLONE_SYSVSEM

✦CLONE_THREAD

✦CLONE_VM

✦File Object Creation

✦fdopen()

✦File Descriptor Operations

✦close()

✦closerange()

✦copy_file_range()

✦device_encoding()

✦dup()

✦dup2()

✦fchmod()

✦fchown()

✦fdatasync()

✦fpathconf()

✦fstat()

✦fstatvfs()

✦fsync()

✦ftruncate()

✦get_blocking()

✦grantpt()

✦isatty()

✦lockf()

✦F_LOCK

✦F_TLOCK

✦F_ULOCK

✦F_TEST

✦login_tty()

✦lseek()

✦SEEK_SET

✦SEEK_CUR

✦SEEK_END

✦SEEK_HOLE

✦SEEK_DATA

✦open()

✦O_RDONLY

✦O_WRONLY

✦O_RDWR

✦O_APPEND

✦O_CREAT

✦O_EXCL

✦O_TRUNC

✦O_DSYNC

✦O_RSYNC

✦O_SYNC

✦O_NDELAY

✦O_NONBLOCK

✦O_NOCTTY

✦O_CLOEXEC

✦O_BINARY

✦O_NOINHERIT

✦O_SHORT_LIVED

✦O_TEMPORARY

✦O_RANDOM

✦O_SEQUENTIAL

✦O_TEXT

✦O_EVTONLY

✦O_FSYNC

✦O_SYMLINK

✦O_NOFOLLOW_ANY

✦O_ASYNC

✦O_DIRECT

✦O_DIRECTORY

✦O_NOFOLLOW

✦O_NOATIME

✦O_PATH

✦O_TMPFILE

✦O_SHLOCK

✦O_EXLOCK

✦openpty()

✦pipe()

✦pipe2()

✦posix_fallocate()

✦posix_fadvise()

✦POSIX_FADV_NORMAL

✦POSIX_FADV_SEQUENTIAL

✦POSIX_FADV_RANDOM

✦POSIX_FADV_NOREUSE

✦POSIX_FADV_WILLNEED

✦POSIX_FADV_DONTNEED

✦pread()

✦posix_openpt()

✦preadv()

✦RWF_NOWAIT

✦RWF_HIPRI

✦ptsname()

✦pwrite()

✦pwritev()

✦RWF_DSYNC

✦RWF_SYNC

✦RWF_APPEND

✦read()

✦sendfile()

✦SF_NODISKIO

✦SF_MNOWAIT

✦SF_SYNC

✦SF_NOCACHE

✦set_blocking()

✦splice()

✦SPLICE_F_MOVE

✦SPLICE_F_NONBLOCK

✦SPLICE_F_MORE

✦readv()

✦tcgetpgrp()

✦tcsetpgrp()

✦ttyname()

✦unlockpt()

✦write()

✦writev()

✦Querying the size of a terminal

✦get_terminal_size()

✦terminal_size

✦columns

✦lines

✦Inheritance of File Descriptors

✦get_inheritable()

✦set_inheritable()

✦get_handle_inheritable()

✦set_handle_inheritable()

✦Files and Directories

✦access()

✦F_OK

✦R_OK

✦W_OK

✦X_OK

✦chdir()

✦chflags()

✦chmod()

✦chown()

✦chroot()

✦fchdir()

✦getcwd()

✦getcwdb()

✦lchflags()

✦lchmod()

✦lchown()

✦link()

✦listdir()

✦listdrives()

✦listmounts()

✦listvolumes()

✦lstat()

✦mkdir()

✦makedirs()

✦mkfifo()

✦mknod()

✦major()

✦minor()

✦makedev()

✦pathconf()

✦pathconf_names

✦readlink()

✦remove()

✦removedirs()

✦rename()

✦renames()

✦replace()

✦rmdir()

✦scandir()

✦DirEntry

✦name

✦path

✦inode()

✦is_dir()

✦is_file()

✦is_symlink()

✦is_junction()

✦stat()

✦stat_result

✦st_mode

✦st_ino

✦st_dev

✦st_nlink

✦st_uid

✦st_gid

✦st_size

✦st_atime

✦st_mtime

✦st_ctime

✦st_atime_ns

✦st_mtime_ns

✦st_ctime_ns

✦st_birthtime

✦st_birthtime_ns

✦st_blocks

✦st_blksize

✦st_rdev

✦st_flags

✦st_gen

✦st_fstype

✦st_rsize

✦st_creator

✦st_type

✦st_file_attributes

✦st_reparse_tag

✦statvfs()

✦supports_dir_fd

✦supports_effective_ids

✦supports_fd

✦supports_follow_symlinks

✦symlink()

✦sync()

✦truncate()

✦unlink()

✦utime()

✦walk()

✦fwalk()

✦memfd_create()

✦MFD_CLOEXEC

✦MFD_ALLOW_SEALING

✦MFD_HUGETLB

✦MFD_HUGE_SHIFT

✦MFD_HUGE_MASK

✦MFD_HUGE_64KB

✦MFD_HUGE_512KB

✦MFD_HUGE_1MB

✦MFD_HUGE_2MB

✦MFD_HUGE_8MB

✦MFD_HUGE_16MB

✦MFD_HUGE_32MB

✦MFD_HUGE_256MB

✦MFD_HUGE_512MB

✦MFD_HUGE_1GB

✦MFD_HUGE_2GB

✦MFD_HUGE_16GB

✦eventfd()

✦eventfd_read()

✦eventfd_write()

✦EFD_CLOEXEC

✦EFD_NONBLOCK

✦EFD_SEMAPHORE

✦Timer File Descriptors

✦timerfd_create()

✦timerfd_settime()

✦timerfd_settime_ns()

✦timerfd_gettime()

✦timerfd_gettime_ns()

✦TFD_NONBLOCK

✦TFD_CLOEXEC

✦TFD_TIMER_ABSTIME

✦TFD_TIMER_CANCEL_ON_SET

✦Linux extended attributes

✦getxattr()

✦listxattr()

✦removexattr()

✦setxattr()

✦XATTR_SIZE_MAX

✦XATTR_CREATE

✦XATTR_REPLACE

✦Process Management

✦abort()

✦add_dll_directory()

✦execl()

✦execle()

✦execlp()

✦execlpe()

✦execv()

✦execve()

✦execvp()

✦execvpe()

✦_exit()

✦EX_OK

✦EX_USAGE

✦EX_DATAERR

✦EX_NOINPUT

✦EX_NOUSER

✦EX_NOHOST

✦EX_UNAVAILABLE

✦EX_SOFTWARE

✦EX_OSERR

✦EX_OSFILE

✦EX_CANTCREAT

✦EX_IOERR

✦EX_TEMPFAIL

✦EX_PROTOCOL

✦EX_NOPERM

✦EX_CONFIG

✦EX_NOTFOUND

✦fork()

✦forkpty()

✦kill()

✦killpg()

✦nice()

✦pidfd_open()

✦PIDFD_NONBLOCK

✦plock()

✦popen()

✦posix_spawn()

✦POSIX_SPAWN_OPEN

✦POSIX_SPAWN_CLOSE

✦POSIX_SPAWN_DUP2

✦POSIX_SPAWN_CLOSEFROM

✦posix_spawnp()

✦register_at_fork()

✦spawnl()

✦spawnle()

✦spawnlp()

✦spawnlpe()

✦spawnv()

✦spawnve()

✦spawnvp()

✦spawnvpe()

✦P_NOWAIT

✦P_NOWAITO

✦P_WAIT

✦P_DETACH

✦P_OVERLAY

✦startfile()

✦system()

✦times()

✦wait()

✦waitid()

✦waitpid()

✦wait3()

✦wait4()

✦P_PID

✦P_PGID

✦P_ALL

✦P_PIDFD

✦WCONTINUED

✦WEXITED

✦WSTOPPED

✦WUNTRACED

✦WNOHANG

✦WNOWAIT

✦CLD_EXITED

✦CLD_KILLED

✦CLD_DUMPED

✦CLD_TRAPPED

✦CLD_STOPPED

✦CLD_CONTINUED

✦waitstatus_to_exitcode()

✦WCOREDUMP()

✦WIFCONTINUED()

✦WIFSTOPPED()

✦WIFSIGNALED()

✦WIFEXITED()

✦WEXITSTATUS()

✦WSTOPSIG()

✦WTERMSIG()

✦Interface to the scheduler

✦SCHED_OTHER

✦SCHED_BATCH

✦SCHED_IDLE

✦SCHED_SPORADIC

✦SCHED_FIFO

✦SCHED_RR

✦SCHED_RESET_ON_FORK

✦sched_param

✦sched_priority

✦sched_get_priority_min()

✦sched_get_priority_max()

✦sched_setscheduler()

✦sched_getscheduler()

✦sched_setparam()

✦sched_getparam()

✦sched_rr_get_interval()

✦sched_yield()

✦sched_setaffinity()

✦sched_getaffinity()

✦Miscellaneous System Information

✦confstr()

✦confstr_names

✦cpu_count()

✦getloadavg()

✦process_cpu_count()

✦sysconf()

✦sysconf_names

✦curdir

✦pardir

✦sep

✦altsep

✦extsep

✦pathsep

✦defpath

✦linesep

✦devnull

✦RTLD_LAZY

✦RTLD_NOW

✦RTLD_GLOBAL

✦RTLD_LOCAL

✦RTLD_NODELETE

✦RTLD_NOLOAD

✦RTLD_DEEPBIND

✦Random numbers

✦getrandom()

✦urandom()

✦GRND_NONBLOCK

✦GRND_RANDOM

● os.path

✦os.path — Common pathname manipulations

✦abspath()

✦basename()

✦commonpath()

✦commonprefix()

✦dirname()

✦exists()

✦lexists()

✦expanduser()

✦expandvars()

✦getatime()

✦getmtime()

✦getctime()

✦getsize()

✦isabs()

✦isfile()

✦isdir()

✦isjunction()

✦islink()

✦ismount()

✦isdevdrive()

✦isreserved()

✦join()

✦normcase()

✦normpath()

✦realpath()

✦relpath()

✦samefile()

✦sameopenfile()

✦samestat()

✦split()

✦splitdrive()

✦splitroot()

✦splitext()

✦supports_unicode_filenames

✦Previous topic

● statistics

✦Function details

✦mean()

✦fmean()

✦geometric_mean()

✦harmonic_mean()

✦kde()

✦kde_random()

✦median()

✦median_low()

✦median_high()

✦median_grouped()

✦mode()

✦multimode()

✦pstdev()

✦pvariance()

✦stdev()

✦variance()

✦quantiles()

✦covariance()

✦correlation()

✦linear_regression()

✦Exceptions

✦StatisticsError

✦NormalDist objects

✦NormalDist

✦mean

✦median

✦mode

✦stdev

✦variance

✦from_samples()

✦samples()

✦pdf()

✦cdf()

✦inv_cdf()

✦overlap()

✦zscore()

● threading

✦threading — Thread-based parallelism

✦active_count()

✦current_thread()

✦excepthook()

✦excepthook

✦get_ident()

✦get_native_id()

✦enumerate()

✦main_thread()

✦settrace()

✦settrace_all_threads()

✦gettrace()

✦setprofile()

✦setprofile_all_threads()

✦getprofile()

✦stack_size()

✦TIMEOUT_MAX

✦Thread-Local Data

✦local

✦Thread Objects

✦Thread

✦start()

✦run()

✦join()

✦name

✦getName()

✦setName()

✦ident

✦native_id

✦is_alive()

✦daemon

✦isDaemon()

✦setDaemon()

✦Lock Objects

✦Lock

✦acquire()

✦release()

✦locked()

✦RLock Objects

✦RLock

✦Condition Objects

✦Condition

✦wait()

✦wait_for()

✦notify()

✦notify_all()

✦Semaphore Objects

✦Semaphore

✦BoundedSemaphore

✦Semaphore Example

✦Event Objects

✦Event

✦is_set()

✦set()

✦clear()

✦Timer Objects

✦Timer

✦cancel()

✦Barrier Objects

✦Barrier

✦reset()

✦abort()

✦parties

✦n_waiting

✦broken

✦BrokenBarrierError

● regex

✦Flags

✦RegexFlag

✦A

✦ASCII

✦DEBUG

✦I

✦IGNORECASE

✦L

✦LOCALE

✦M

✦MULTILINE

✦NOFLAG

✦S

✦DOTALL

✦U

✦UNICODE

✦X

✦VERBOSE

✦Functions

✦compile()

✦search()

✦match()

✦fullmatch()

✦split()

✦findall()

✦finditer()

✦sub()

✦subn()

✦escape()

✦purge()

✦Exceptions

✦PatternError

✦msg

✦pattern

✦pos

✦lineno

✦colno

✦Regular Expression Objects

✦Pattern

✦flags

✦groups

✦groupindex

✦Match Objects

✦Match

✦expand()

✦group()

✦getitem()

✦groups()

✦groupdict()

✦start()

✦end()

✦span()

✦endpos

✦lastindex

✦lastgroup

✦re

✦string

Sets → Set Methods

Python has a set of built-in methods that you can use on sets.

Method	Description
add()	Adds an element to the set
clear()	Removes all the elements from the set
copy()	Returns a copy of the set
difference()( - )	Returns a set containing the difference between two or more sets
difference_update()( -= )	Removes the items in this set that are also included in another, specified set
discard()	Remove the specified item
intersection()( & )	Returns a set, that is the intersection of two other sets
intersection_update()( &= )	Removes the items in this set that are not present in other, specified set(s)
isdisjoint()	Returns whether two sets have a intersection or not
issubset()	(<=)Returns whether another set contains this set or not, (<)Returns whether all items in this set is present in other, specified set(s)
issuperset()	(>=)Returns whether this set contains another set or not, (>)Returns whether all items in other, specified set(s) is present in this set
pop()	Removes an element from the set
remove()	Removes the specified element
symmetric_difference()( ^ )	Returns a set with the symmetric differences of two sets
symmetric_difference_update()( ^= )	Inserts the symmetric differences from this set and another
union()( \| )	Return a set containing the union of sets
update()( \|= )	Update the set with the union of this set and others

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